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White paper

Payments, Pre-Authorisation & Trust

This white paper reveals why payment design, not deployment, is the most underestimated lever in customer experience for European CPOs.

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White Paper Contents

What’s Inside the White Paper?

AFIR set the compliance floor. Payment experience still sets the ceiling. This report breaks down what happens between plug-in and bank deposit, and how to design payments that earn trust instead of spending it.

The Regulated Payment Event: How AFIR, PSD2 and SCA turned pre-authorisation into a compliance obligation

Four Pre-Auth Models: From trust-draining fixed holds to dynamic and incremental authorisation, and how to choose

Six Payment Failure Modes: The declines, mismatches, and FX surprises that drive silent churn, and what they cost

Designing Payments for Trust: Five principles, an AFIR-readiness test, and a checklist for your next quarter

Download the White Paper

Get Ocean's guide to payment design in EU public charging, covering AFIR and PSD2 obligations, the four pre-authorisation models, and how to design payments that earn driver trust.

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Why It Matters

Why This White Paper Matters

As Europe's charging market consolidates, deployment speed alone no longer wins - operational excellence does. The operators pulling ahead aren't just building more chargers; they're running smarter networks.

Ocean's white paper helps CPOs and EMSPs shift from "How many chargers can we deploy?" to "How profitably and reliably can we operate?" by giving them the software playbook to get there.

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